| HMP Brixton | |
|---|---|
| Opened | 1820 |
| Management | HM Prison Service |
| Prison type | Adult Male/Local |
| Prisoner figures | 798 (August 2008) |
| Location | Brixton, London |
| Governor | Edmond Tullett |
| Information | www.justice.gov.uk |
HM Prison Brixton is a local men's prison, located in Brixton area of the London Borough of Lambeth, in inner-South London, England. The prison is operated by Her Majesty's Prison Service.
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The prison was originally built in 1820 and opened as the Surrey House of Correction, Brixton Prison was intended to house 175 prisoners. However, regularly exceeding its capacity supporting over 200 prisoners, overcrowding was an early problem and with its small cells and poor living conditions contributed to its reputation as one of the worst prisons in London (worsened when Brixton become one of the first prisons to introduce treadwheels in 1821). There is an illustration of prisoners on the 1821 treadmill used to mill corn in Surrey House of Correction[1].
Conditions for women were especially harsh as newly arrived female inmates were made to spend four months in solitary confinement and, following her introduction into the general prison population, would be required to maintain a condition of silent association. Female inmates were allowed over time to earn privileges, which included limited conversation, payment for labor, the right to receive letters and visitation rights.
Eventually the problem of overcrowding was addressed with the prison expanding to house over 800 prisoners and, in 1853, the British government converted Brixton into a women's correctional facility for women who preferred imprisonment rather than penal transportation to Australia (although female inmates who had become pregnant were also transferred to Brixton from Millbank Prison).
Conditions in the prison gradually improved during the mid-19th century as a nursery was opened in the prison for children under the age of four and, by 1860, inmates were allowed to keep their children until the end of their prison sentence. Brixton eventually became a military prison from 1882 until 1898 and remains a trial-and-remand prison for London and the Home Counties. Conditions inside the prison today are still grim, due to Crown Immunity, normal health and safety regulations are not binding, when the cell doors shut in the evenings, the communal areas (in all wings) are overrun with mice and rats. The footings for the treadmill remain and are visible and the former 'hanging ie execution suite' is now an enlarged cell with six beds.
On the 7th July 1991 two Provisional IRA prisoners, Pearse McAuley and Nessan Quinlivan, escaped from the prison by subduing a guard. They managed to scale the walls, hijack the car of a prison officer before reaching the Baker Street Underground station. They managed to flee to the Republic of Ireland. [2]
In October 1999, Prisons Minister, Paul Boateng had to make an emergency visit to Brixton Prison after a spate of multiple suicide attempts by inmates being held in the medical wards of the jail. The minister subsequently promised more nurses and staff for the prison's healthcare unit.[3] A month later, Boateng threatened to privatise Brixton Prison if improvements were not made by management to the regime and conditions at the jail.[4]In the spring of 2000 a surprise inspection by HM Inspectorate of Prisons resulted in the Director of the Prison Service being summoned to see the appalling conditions in which prisoners with mental health issues were being kept. The Governor was removed the same day, only to be reappointed to run HMP Downview a few weeks later. It was also noted that cell call buzzers had been sabotaged by Prison Officers so as not to be disturbed during their shifts, only a small light remaining operational to indicate activation of a cell emergency call. In August 2000, prison officers from all over the UK staged an illegal strike after the government released proposals confirming intentions to privatise Brixton Prison.[5] The privatisation plans were subsequently dropped, and Brixton Prison continues to remain in the public sector.
In January 2001, an inspection report from Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons severely criticised conditions at Brixton Prison. The report claimed that staff had falsified records and tried to sabotage the inspection. Standards of healthcare and race relations within the prison were also criticised.[6]
In June 2004, A further inspection report praised Brixton Prison for improving standards. The report highlighted the prisons good staff-prisoner relations and improved support for new prisoners. However, inspectors highlighted overcrowding as a major issue that was hampering further improvements at the jail.[7] Another inspection report in July 2006, stated that poor facilities were holding back improvements being made to Brixton Prison. The prison's kitchens, healthcare and sports facilities were highlighted as being particularly inadequate.[8]
In October 2008, the Chief Inspector of Prisons warned that many inmates held at Brixton Prison were taking drugs, and this was leading to violent attacks amongst gangs at the prison. The inspector also claimed that the prison was infested with vermin.[9]
HMP Brixton's primary role is to serve the local magistrates courts (Camberwell Green, Tower Bridge and Thames to name but a few), as well as Inner London Sessions House Crown Court (in Elephant and Castle) in holding mainly remand, trial and convicted prisoners awaiting sentencing. Accommodation at Brixton comprises four main residential units, plus a health care unit. A new Kitchen has been built and plans are in discussion to replace the Reception, Healthcare, & Sports complex.
Inmates can pursue a range of education courses at the Learning and Skills centre. These courses include Information Technology, English, Maths, Social and Life Skills and a varied art programme. Most courses lead to nationally recognised qualifications. The gym also offers Physical Education and accredited programmes. The Windmill Centre is a traditional workshop located where the old kitchens were.
The Family and Visitor's Centre at Brixton is run by the Prison Advice & Care Trust (pact), an independent charity.
HMP Brixton is no longer the remand prison for Southwark Crown Court, this is now the job of HMP Wandsworth. Nor does it temporarily lodge prisoners appearing at the Court of Appeal Criminal Division (COACD) held at the Royal Courts of Justice (RCJ), that is now done at HMP Pentonville.